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ADOLESCENT COGNITIVE victimization According to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the formal operations coiffe in which they develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. A characteristic of formal operational thinking = hypothetic-deductive reasoning. When set ab forbidden with a problem they start with a hypothesis or prediction about variables that might take up the outcome, from which they deduce logical, testable inferences.Then they systematically isolate and combine variables to see which of these inferences are confirmed in the real populace A second characteristic of Piagets formal operational thought is propositional thought the capacity to pass judgment the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real intent situations Consequences of Adolescent Cognitive Development Cognitive development leads to distorted images of the descent between the self and others. Imaginary audience belief that they are the focus of e very ace elses attention and concern.As a result they become extremely self-conscious A second cognitive distortion is the personal fabrication they are sure others are observing and thinking about them they develop an inflated opinion of their induce importance a feeling that they are special and unique EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL emergence IN ADOLESENCE Erikson suggested that identity is the major personality achievement of adolescents it involves defining who one is, what one values and the direction one chooses to pursue in life.Erikson called the psychological conflict of adolescence Identity versus Role Confusion Research has identified 4 identity statuses Identity Achievement commitment to values, beliefs, and goals following a period of geographic expedition Identity Moratorium exploration without committing Identity Foreclosure commitment in the absence of exploration Identity Diffusion an apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment Peer pre ssure is great during adolescenceAdolescents feel pressured to conform to the accomplice culture dress, grooming Problems of Adolescence Depression Suicide EARLY adulthood COGNITIVE ontogeny Contrary to what Piaget suggested, researchers argue that cognitive development continues beyond adolescence to Postformal Thought Several theories in support William Perry Relativistic thinking the ability to recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view Gisella ViefPragmatic thinking a tool in which logic becomes the tool for declaration real-world problems. Proposed that postformal thinking involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations. EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY ADULTHOOD Erikson suggested that early adulthood encompasses Intimacy versus Isolation stage, which is reflected in the you persons thoughts and feeling about do a permanent commitment to an intimate partner.The social clock age graded expectations for major life events Establishing intimate relationships usually end in marriage, then come children. Decision to have children COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD Does intelligence decline with age? Yes and No Fluid Intelligence depends firmly on basic information processing skills Crystallized Intelligence refers to skills that depend on accumulate knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social conventions abilities acquired because they are values within the individuals culture.EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD Eriksons crisis in lay adulthood = generativity versus stagnation it involves reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation Midlife Crisis the inner turmoil during the transition to middle adulthood Empty Nest Syndrome Sandwich generation to refer to the idea that middle aged adults must care for multiple generations at the same time. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN LATE ADULTHOOD